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Confusing Words



We've just listed very brief words and phrases -- not all meanings or nuances -- so that you can make a general distinction. You might consider purchasing a copy of our The Word Book from Writers.com A Guide to Misunderstood, Misused & Confusing Words with Bonus Quirky Tangents & Illuminating Quotations as a much more detailed (and amusing) reference.
advice - (n) guidance, information
advise - (v) counsel; to give advice
adopted = children are adopted
adoptive = parents are adoptive
accede - stick to agreement
exceed - surpass
accept - receive
except - exclude
adapt - adjust
adept - proficient
adverse - opposed
averse - not interested
affect - change, influence
effect - (v) to bring about (n) result, impression
all ready - prepared
already - by this time
all right - all right
alright - outdated usage
altogether - completely, entirely (I was altogether surprised by the ghost.)
all together - in a group (They gathered all together in the crypt.)
allude - refer to indirectly
elude - avoid
allusion - indirect reference
illusion - erroneous belief or perception
altar - place of worship
alter - to change
ambiguous - having more than one meaning, open to different interpretations
ambivalent - having mixed feelings.
amoral - not concerned with morality
immoral - not conforming to accepted standards of morality.
annual - yearly
annul - to void
any one - any one person, followed by "of"
anyone - anybody, any person at all
any way - any method
anyway - in any case
anyways - grammatically incorrect
appraise - value
apprise - inform, notify
ascent - a movement up
assent - agreement
assistance - aid
assistants - helpers
assure - to guarantee
ensure - to make sure
insure - to protect against loss
augur - be a sign of (a likely outcome)
auger - a tool used for boring)
bare - unclothed
bear - to carry, or an animal
beside - by the side of
besides - in addition to
biannual - occurring twice a year
biennial - occurring once every two years
biweekly - occurring once every two weeks
semiweekly - occurring twice a week
board - a plane of wood
bored - uninterested
born - brought into life
borne - carried
brake - stop
break - smash
buy - purchase
by - next to
bye - good-bye
capital - seat of government; money
capitol - building where legislative body meets
censure - express strong disapproval of
censor - suppress unacceptable parts of (a book, film, etc.)
cite - to quote an authority
sight - the ability to see
site - a place
climactic - forming a climax
climatic - relating to climate
complacent - smug, self-satisfied
complaisant - willing to please
complement -something that completes (n); to complete (v)
compliment - a flattering remark (n); to praise (v)
continual - happens frequently in time; close succession
continuous - uninterrupted
correspondence - written communications
correspondents - people who write
council - a committee
counsel - to give advice; advise
consul - a diplomat
credible - believable
creditable - worthy of praise
definite - certain, sure
definitive - decisive and with authority.
defuse - remove the fuse from (an explosive device) or reduce the danger or tension in (a difficult situation)
diffuse - spread over a wide area.
desert - arid land; (v) to abandon
dessert - after-dinner sweet
device - an invention
devise - to invent or plot
discreet - careful not to attract attention or give offense
discrete - separate or distinct
draft - (in British usage) a preliminary version or an order to pay a sum
draught - (in British usage) a current of air or an act of drinking
The verb is usually spelled draft. (North American English: draft is used for all senses)
draw - primarily a verb
drawer - sliding storage compartment
egotism - excessive conceit or self-absorption
egoism - less common and more technical word for an ethical theory that treats self-interest as the foundation of morality.
elicit - to bring out
illicit - illegal
emigration - moving from a country
immigration - moving to a country
eminent - outstanding, revered
imminent - threatening to happen soon
envelop - wrap up, cover, or surround completely
envelope - a paper container used to enclose a letter or document.
everyday - The everyday (ordinary) routine of working
every day - Call me every day (each day) this week.
every one - each person; always followed by "of"
everyone - everybody; every person in a group
exceptionable - open to objection; causing disapproval or offence
exceptional - not typical or unusually good
fair - average; lovely
fare - a fee for transportation
farther - actual or literal distance
further - additional
fawn - young deer or light brown color
faun - Roman deity that is part man, part goat
flaunt - display ostentatiously
flout - openly disregard (a rule)
floe - large sheet of floating ice
flow - move, run freely, circulate
flounder - have trouble doing or understanding something, be confused: the fish
founder - fail or come to nothing.
forth - forward
fourth - after "third"
forego - precede (as in "foregone conclusion," a conclusion arrived at in advance)
forgo - abstain from or go without
(some dictionaries accept "forgo" as an alternative spelling for "forego")
forward - toward the front; ahead
foreword - preface
gorilla - a large primate
guerrilla - a kind of soldier
grizzly - applies to the bear (comes from the same root as "grizzled" referring to the bear's white-tipped fur)
grisly - causing horror or revulsion
hear - to perceive by ear
here - in this place
heard - past tense of "hear"
herd - a group of animals
hoard - a store of something valuable (also verb form)
horde - a teeming crowd of people
hole - an opening
whole - complete
imply - speaker implies (suggests)
infer - hearer infers (perceives)
its - possessive of "it"
it's - contraction of "it is"
later - after the usual or proper time
latter - more recent
lay - to set down, to place or put an item down
lie - to recline
lead - heavy metal
led - past tense of "lead"
lessen - to make less
lesson - something learned
loath - reluctant; unwilling
loathe - to dislike greatly.
loose (as a verb) - unfasten or set free
lose - cease to have or become unable to find
luxuriant - rich and profuse in growth
luxurious - characterized by luxury; very comfortable and extravagant
marital- of marriage
martial - of war
may be - verb form
maybe - perhaps
meat - flesh
meet - encounter
mete - to allot; distribute
militate- (an intransitive verb used following "against") to have weight or effect (as in Her tawdry appearance militated against her promotion)
mitigate - make something less severe.
naturism - nudism; naturist - nudist
naturalism - artistic or literary approach or style; naturalist - expert in natural history or an exponent of naturalism
no - the opposite of "yes"
know - to be certain
officious - asserting authority or interfering in an annoyingly domineering way
official - relating to an authority or public body and having the approval or authorization of such a body.
ordinance - order
ordnance - guns or munitions.
overdo - to carry too far
overdue - past due
palate - roof of the mouth
pallet - small bed or straw-filled mattress; a small portable platform for moving or storing cargo
palette - artist's board for mixing colors or a certain range of colors
parameters - a quantity or constant which varies depending on the instance being examined
perimeter - the boundary of something
(A good rule is to avoid using "parameters" unless you are a scientist or mathematician or confident you know what it means.)
passed - past tense of "pass"
past - after; a time gone by
patience - forbearance
patients - persons under medical care
peace - the absence of war
piece - a portion of something
peak - (n) top of a mountain or something else high and pointed; (v) to reach the uppermost point
peek - (noun) a quick, perhaps furtive glance; (v) to take a quick, furtive look pique - resentment, offense taken (as in the cliché "fit of pique"); (v) to cause resentment BUT, most commonly used to mean to rouse, excite, or stimulate (as in the cliché "pique someone's curiosity)
pedal - (n) a foot-operated lever; (v) move by means of pedals (A bicyclist is a pedaler.)
peddle - to sell (A peddler is someone who peddles goods.)
perquisite - special right or privilege enjoyed as a result of ones position
prerequisite - something that is required as a prior condition for something else; (adj) required as a prior condition.
perspicuous - expressing things clearly
perspicacious - having a ready understanding of things.
plain - clear
plane - carpenter's tool or airborne vehicle
pray - to ask for by prayer or supplication
prey - animal hunted or caught for food; victim
presence - the state of being at hand
presents - gifts
principal - first in authority; main participant; amount of a debt less interest
principle - basic truth or assumption
proscribe - condemn or forbid
prescribe - issue a medical prescription or recommend with authority
quiet - no noise
quite - entirely or actually
rack - a holder
wreck - (v) destroy or ruin; (n) ruin, remains, wreckage; (n) crash, accident
wreak - inflict
rain - precipitation
reign - to rule
rein - strap for controlling an animal
reign - to rule
(The phrase is "free rein," not "free reign.")
raise - to cause to lift or to lift something
rise - to ascend, move upward, or get up
real - adjective (real silk)
really - adverb (really wishing for...)
regretful - feeling or showing regret
regrettable - giving rise to regret; undesirable.
right - correct
rite - a religious ceremony
write - to make letters
wright - a skilled worker (usually used in combinations: shipwright, playwright, wheelwright)
scene - where an action occurs
seen - past participle of "see"
set - to place something somewhere
sit - to be in a position of rest or to be seated
shear - to remove by cutting or clipping; to divest and deprive
sheer - (v) swerve, deviate quickly or avoid an unpleasant topic; (adj) nothing but; absolute, perpendicular or (of a fabric) very thin.
(Shears are a sharp cutting instrument; scissors.)
someone - somebody
some one - some person; always followed by "of"
some time - a period of time
sometime - at some unspecified time
stationary - not moving; fixed
stationery - writing material
straight - unbending
strait - water passageway
suit - a set of clothes; legal action
suite - number of items making up a set, series, or sequence
tenant - one who rents property
tenet - a principle; a belief
their - possessive of "they"
there - opposite of "here"
they're - contraction of "they" and "are"
titillate - excite
titivate - adorn or spruce up.
to - toward
too - also
two - the number that follows one
tortuous - full of twists and turns or excessively lengthy and complex
torturous - characterized by pain or suffering
turbid - thick or opaque or heavy with smoke or mist or lacking in clarity or purity
turgid - tediously pompous or bombastic OR being in a state of distension; swollen, overflowing.
(An overflowing muddy river could be both turbid and turgid.)
unexceptionable - not open to objection or criticism : beyond reproach
unexceptional - not exceptional; ordinary.
venal - susceptible to bribery; corruptible
venial - (In general) forgivable, pardonable; excusable
waist - the middle of the body
waste - discarded material
waiver - the giving up of a claim
waver - to hesitate; also tremble or quaver
weak - not strong
week - Sunday through Saturday
which - one of a group
witch - a sorcerer
who's - contraction of "who" and "is"
whose - possessive of "who"
wreath - something intertwined into a circular shape
wreathe - verb meaning envelop, surround, or encircle
your - possessive form of "you"
you're - contraction of "you are"

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